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Dan Rebellato

  • News
  • Spilled Ink
  • Plays
    • Complete List of Plays
    • 7 Ghosts
    • Cavalry
    • Chekhov in Hell
    • Dead Souls
    • Emily Rising
    • Here's What I Did With My Body One Day
    • Killer
    • Mile End
    • Negative Signs of Progress
    • My Life Is a Series of People Saying Goodbye
    • Restless Dreams
    • Slow Air
    • Slow Beasts
    • Static
    • Theatremorphosis
    • You & Me
    • Zola: Blood, Sex & Money
  • Books, etc.
    • Complete List of Publications
    • 1956 and All That
    • Cambridge Companion to British Theatre since 1945
    • Contemporary European Playwrights
    • Contemporary European Theatre Directors
    • Modern British Playwriting 2000-2009
    • No Theatre Guild Attraction Are We
    • On Churchill's Influences
    • Paris Commune
    • Playwriting
    • Sarah Kane before Blasted
    • Sarah Kane Documentary
    • The Suspect Culture Book
    • Theatre &
    • Theatre & Globalization
    • When We Talk of Horses
    • Writ Large
  • Stage Directions
  • Wilding Audio
  • Links
  • About
  • Contact
sucker punch.jpg

Sucker Punch

sucker punch.jpg

The play follows two black kids through the 1980s from school to near-stardom in the boxing ring, where they are pitted against each other. Leon, the natural talent, rises quickly, but is beaten finally by his friend, with the more professional management,Troy. On the way, Leon is forced to give up the (white) boss’s daughter and is derided as an Uncle Tom for his devotion to the racist boss. At the end, the gym to which Leon has been loyal goes under, in part because Leon could not win his fight, but also because the boss, Charlie, bet everything on the stock market and lost it in the crash.

This is a pretty terrific play. Roy Williams combines grace and power. The power comes in the muscular way his dialogue, situation and characters claim the stage; there are some stunning set-piece monologues, here played in the boxing ring, where the characters describe fights. But throughout there’s a compelling, plausible set of bare-knuckle rows between the characters. He creates clear, strong psychological lines and keeps the situations wittily sharp but also unabashedly emotional. But then he’s graceful too. The play elegantly skips from time to time, situation to situation; characters are brought in and they leave, fights are won and lost; he keeps deft, he keeps changing his footing (sorry, it’s hard to avoid this critical cliche bollocks, but I’ll stop now). There are duologues, monologues, three-handers, action scenes; he is both a crisply traditional writer and a fluidly challenging one. Conventional because there are rounded characters, clear plotlines, twists, turns and intrigue, a clear climax and even a scène à faire when the two boys - actually a bit implausibly - have a moment of reconciliation. But he’s challenging because of the variety of storytelling means. And you think that the climax will be pitting the white boxer, Tommy, who is being championed early, but leaves for a rival promoter, against Leon. Instead, he meets the entirely unfancied Troy.

(Basic dramaturgical stuff: starts with a Brixton riot, which suggests 1981 or 1985 and ends with a stock market crash which is 1988. I got the sense the play only covered 2-3 years, but then at one point they play Shalamar’s ‘I Can Make You Feel Good’ which was a hit in 1982 and Spandau Ballet’s ‘Gold’ from 1983. Plus, the play was clearly trying to suggest an epic journey through an era. I’m guessing it covers 7 years then.)

Two things struck me about this show. First, liveness. Williams creates dialogue that sits squarely on the stage, claims it. It’s writing in the present tense, absolutely. This is enhanced by the concentration of the play on boxing, which is entirely about the present tense, the unpredictability of it (football’s the same - as in his Sing Yer Heart Out For The Lads, but with any team you’ve heard of, the score is already known). Very smartly Sacha Wares has placed the entire play in and around the boxing ring and the play benefits hugely from this. There are very ‘live’ things going on in this production too. An early monologue by Leon is performed in the ring with a skipping rope; there is simply a level of unfakeable physical skill that is impressive and not the same as acting. In other words, it’s live; at one point, the actor actually missed his footing and had to regather his rhythm with the rope. In a way this just enhanced it. Then later, Troy comes and does an even harder, faster skip with the rope; this is how you know he’s going to win, but, more important, it is how you learn that the kid can really box. One other curious bit of liveness; last night, among the celebrity audience (we spotted Nigel Havers, and there were rumours of David Hare) was Lenny Henry. One of the first lines of the play is the racist gym-owner telling Troy, ‘oi! Lenny Henry!’ There was a frisson in our area of the stalls (and Lenny mugged at us to emphasise the point).

The second thing is the ring. I like seeing the Royal Court transformed. I’ve seen it a few times; the thrust pushed out for The Kitchen in 1994, Roy Williams’s Fallout in 2003, and again for Stoning Mary in 2005. Sacha Wares entirely transformed the space for Mike Bartlett's My Child in 2007. The Sarah Kane season in 2001 split the main house into two spaces for Crave and 4.48 Psychosis. I gather Wig Out! turned the downstairs into a club with a central catwalk. The building was originally a theatre, then became a cinema, then was bomb-damaged. When the English Stage Company took over the Court in 1955, they ripped out the proscenium, extended the stage; in 2000, the whole building was redesigned, with a huge underground bar dug out under Sloane Square and the plaster stripped back to reveal brick and iron trelliswork. For a solid, modest, late-nineteenth-century Italianate pastiche theatre, it’s been immensely flexible. It has a magic size that stacks the audiences vertically against a tall proscenium, giving no one a distant view and just about guaranteeing an art-house crowd can fill it most nights.

But there’s a weird naivety that grips some theatremakers when they start reconfiguring the auditorium. There’s a view around - which has some validity - that the basic late-nineteenth-century actor-audience relation fosters passivity in the audience, a certain demand for illusionistic realism, and that we have naturalised a middle-class set of social and cultural behaviours as How To Watch Theatre; today’s audiences, grown up on interactivity and with short attention spans, need a different approach.

First, I’d challenge all of those; I don’t think silence is the same as passivity; the theatre is barely ever illusionistic (illusions suggest we are tricked into believing things - and we never really believe the fictions are there); third, the history of British theatregoing suggests that a huge range of different audience behaviours is permitted within the basic pros-arch end-on theatre form. Music Hall, Pantomime, lots of stand-up, rock gigs, and more. In none of these would you say the audience was quietly passive; lastly, I don’t believe we are any more ‘interactive’ or that our attention spans are any shorter than previously. It’s lazy journalistic thinking (the MTV generation, etc.) but you hear it said whenever anything like a promenade production or a bit of multimedia or when the auditorium gets restructured.

Now, I have no reason to think these things were behind Sacha Wares and Miriam Buether’s decision to turn the Court stage into a boxing ring; I suspect there may have been a desire to turn us into a boxing crowd. There may have been discussion of Brecht, who thought - very early on - that the boxing audience was his perfect engaged, thinking audience. Certainly, the entrance of the two boxers through the audience before the Big Fight suggested a bit of that.

But this never works. The aim is to strip through the falseness, the pretence, the etiquette, the class; but you just end up more self-conscious, more inhibited, feeling more ridiculous if you shout out (even if you do), more bound by the conventions of theatregoing. I liked the staging but it certainly didn’t make me feel more engaged in the story than a straight proscenium production would have done. I didn’t feel the atmosphere of a boxing match was evoked, in any way; despite the liveness of the physical skill, I knew the outcome of the game was set and its progress choreographed. It would have been possible to do something like Ayckbourn in Sisterly Feelings where there are two endings, but what would have happened then? It’s actually more deterministic than the single track; it implies that there are only two possible options, whereas with on track, it doesn’t suggest options aren’t open, it just says ‘this is what you’re watching’ (just as we experience a single track of life). So, if we were to start yelling encouragement to one of the boxers, we’d be play-acting. And, hey, that might be fun and cathartic and so on, but it still seems to me novelty theatre.

All of that to say, this is a smart play, written deceptively: it is very accessible and broad in its appeal, but it’s very precise and elegant too.

​

July 12, 2010 by Dan Rebellato.
  • July 12, 2010
  • Dan Rebellato
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raoul moat.jpg

@RaoulMoat

raoul moat.jpg

Ten days ago, Raoul Moat was released from Durham Prison. two days later, he shot his ex-girlfriend, Samantha Stobbart, and her new partner, Chris Brown. Brown died from his injuries; Stobbart is in hospital. The next day, Raoul Moat shot David Rathband, a police constable, and sent a long letter to the police containing a list of grievances. The following day, a fish ‘n’ chip shop near Blyth was robbed at gunpoint; police believe the robber was Moat.

There followed a week-long manhunt that centred on Rothbury in Northumberland after his car was discovered abandoned there. The search spread into the surrounding areas, concentrating on farm buildings and the woods. They discovered a tent, another letter, and three mobile phones used by Moat.

Then yesterday, on 9 July, at 7.00 in the evening, he came out of hiding. A long stand-off followed. Moat lay, sometimes sat, with his shotgun pressed against his neck, while police negotiators and marksmen, journalists and curious townsfolk massed around the scene. After six hours, at 1.15 in the morning, Moat pressed the trigger and shot himself.

Twitter, the ‘micro-blogging site’, is a medium which only allows 140 characters per message. There’s a number of ways that this restriction can be used. People tweet links to websites, reply to each other, create #hashtags to link conversations on topics. Two interesting features of Twitter are livetweeting and retweeting. Retweeting is very simple - someone says something you like on twitter and you just retweet what they say, so all of your followers can read it too. Livetweeting is when various twitterers watch a TV show or an unfolding news story and comment on it; usually comically, but often seriously too. I watched the 2010 election saga largely with Twitter as my running commentary.

When Raoul Moat first went on the run, I thought it might be mildly funny to pretend-retweet messages from him. Initially, the joke was two-fold: partly the tweets would jokingly give away his location; partly, it was that they were absurdly out of character for this violent ex-bouncer and jailbird. These tweets, which were not maybe in great taste, got a small following, especially yesterday during the day when Caitlin Moran, India Knight, Sali Hughes and others started recommending them.

Yesterday evening as the story leapt forward, I started livetweeting the story through these fake-RTs. They started being comic but very soon, as the news coming through got darker, I guess I stopped trying to be funny and just started imagining his thoughts. Some people found them extremely offensive, and told me so, but I think they were people who still thought I was trying to be funny. Lots of other people have been in touch to say that they found them moving and a valuable counterpoint to what was a crazy bit of voyeuristic live television. (UPDATE: and I found this very generous assessment on a blog.) I am chilled that @RaoulMoat’s last message - a farewell - was sent only a few minutes before the real Raoul shot himself.

They’re nothing really but I was interested in how theatrical the writing was - mainly because it’s in character and it was ‘live’. It was interesting, too, to try and express complex thoughts in not much more space than a haiku.

Here they are:

Oh bugger. RT @RaoulMoat I've changed my mind. I've decided not kill policemen any more; instead I shall go for playwright-academics. 6:09 PM Jul 6th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Apparently the police are under orders to shoot to kill. I am in Jeremy Clarkson's house, lads. Do your worst. 8:11 PM Jul 6th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Well Day 3 in my hideout and I'm low on food & water. On the plus side, I finally have a chance to finish Anna Karenina. Yay! 9:54 AM Jul 7th via web

RT @RaoulMoat I've been queuing for the iPhone 4 since Sunday. Crazy but I can't help myself. 8:04 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Can't wait to get home, stick on some Michael McDonald, just really soak in a Radox bath, with a glass of Orvieto. Bliss! 9:38 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I'm bored. I think I shall spend a couple of hours today disco dancing. 9:41 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Sometimes I just want to run amok in Muji with a store card. Their stuff is GAWJUSS. 9:52 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat God, I love Jacques Tati, don't you? 10:50 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I need to find a farm with a DVD player. I'm on the run with a Lionel Jeffreys box set and nothing to watch it on! Typical me! 11:23 AM Jul 8th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Don't tell anyone but I'm just had a very exciting offer of a place to stay. *cough* Big Brother House *cough*. Shh! 5:23 PM Jul 8th via web

RT @RaoulMoat Just back from seeing Jimmy Carr at the Gateshead Arena. £37.50 and no encore? He's going on the list. 10:20 PM Jul 8th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Sat in that Question Time audience for 90 minutes and they didn't let me ask my flippin' question! 11:40 PM Jul 8th via web

RT @RaoulMoat It's only 9.30 and I've written a sonnet! Yay me! I think I might wander into town and get a scone to celebrate. 9:35 AM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RoaulMoat Sometimes I think of handing myself in but then I am captivated by the perfection of a flower and I think, what is this world? 9:38 AM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat At night I lie alone on a mattress in a disused farm building and I think, but what if Schopenhauer is right? 10:05 AM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Sometimes I wonder what all this killing is for so I lie in a field and imagine the clouds are talking to each other. 11:47 AM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Hey hive mind! Keep this one hush, but anyone know what reception the iPhone 3GS gets on the Orange network in the Kelso area? 12:28 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I don't know why, but sometimes I just want to kiss the sunshine and give the morning a big hug. 12:35 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat There's an odd freedom to be found out here. Just me, the spring air, my battered copy of Villette, and a T65 Assault Rifle. 12:56 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat J'apprends le français mais je ne pourrais jamais vivre là. C'est seulement pour lire Maupassant dans l'originale. 3:05 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Weird! Apparently the police have found my mobile. But I ring them and they won't let me have it. I only need the numbers! 3:08 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I take comfort from Shaw who said "a life spent making mistakes is more honorable and useful than a life spent on nothing". 3:59 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Let's play a game! If I were a TV programme, what TV programme would I be? I think A Year in Provence but what do I know? 4:55 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat It's so hot I've fashioned myself a sort of bonnet of leaves and straw. I must look a SIGHT! 5:48 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Isolation. Head full of doubt. Do I want Clyde McPhatter's 'Lover Please' in my Desert Island Discs? I don't know any more. 5:55 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Police are telling everyone in the area to stay indoors. I don't need telling twice! Hunkering down with my Frasier boxset. 8:02 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat The doorbell rings. Went to answer it. Policemen with guns. Gave me the fright of my LIFE. 8:03 PM July 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I keep telling them, I haven't seen anyone. They're not listening. As Alice put it, curiouser and curiouser! 8.05 PM July 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I don't have an instinctive distrust of authority. In some ways I am a lover of order. But I hate to see authority abused. 9 July 2010 20:06:08 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat There's an unmannerly manner that the police have perfected. It tears at me, I will confess. 9 July 2010 20:07:11 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat You would think I would be hardened to this. Years away, I don't need to explain do I? But I'm not. I try to stay civil. 9 July 2010 20:08:07 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Inside I am shouting. (WHAT is shouting?) Inside I want to be bold, resolute, daring. I keep my voice down and I'm respectful. 9 July 2010 20:09:08 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I tell them please to put the guns down. They tell me to put mine down. I stare at it. (I'd forgotten it was in my hand.) 9 July 2010 20:11:15 via TweetDeck

RT @
RaoulMoat Such a thin skin protects our civility. (Who said that?) I might raise an arm. Press my finger down. Why would I? 9 July 2010 20:12:28 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Absurdly, the thought springs to mind that I should ask them in 'so that we can talk about this like gentlemen'. Dismissed. 9 July 2010 20:14:24 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I have always been confused by introspection. Raise your arm and try to hear your mind forming the command. There's nothing. 9 July 2010 20:19:04 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Sometimes when I look into my heart I find the same nothing there. It tires me to carry this darkness. 9 July 2010 20:20:00 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat The officer at my door has a bead of sweat on his upper lip. I believe the word is 'filtrum'. He is a boy, really, a boy. 9 July 2010 20:21:18 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I have a box of Mr Kipling French Fancies in my pack. I admit I nicked them from the Spar. I am ashamed by their unmanliness. 9 July 2010 20:24:14 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat If I placed a flower in the barrel of his rifle, perhaps he would laugh and that would break the ice. 9 July 2010 20:26:16 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I ask the policeman his name. He won't give me his name. Why won't he give me his name? 9 July 2010 20:27:45 via TweetDeck

RT @
RaoulMoat He knows my name. It seems to me that I should know his, if this is a negotiation. Is this really a negotiation? 9 July 2010 20:30:53 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I am beside the river. The grass beneath my feet is parched. The officer is stiller even than the air. 9 July 2010 20:32:02 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I see nothing behind his eyes. He's so young. Was I ever so young? Was I always this old man in a middle-aged man's body? 9 July 2010 20:33:53 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I feel the barrel of my gun against my skin. It's me holding it there. Would I do it. I don't know. I actually don't know. 9 July 2010 20:35:35 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I don't know what I can do. The world, in all its infinite variety, has closed around me. The moon. 9 July 2010 20:41:24 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Can a good man do bad things? This is what I turn over and over in my mind. Can you do bad things and still be a good man? 9 July 2010 20:42:31 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat How did I get here? Was I always going to stand here by this river, in these clothes, on this day? The sun and the moon. 9 July 2010 20:45:44 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Never bin darker. Never bin heavier. Never bin wearier. 9 July 2010 20:51:58 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Empty. Oh I am so empty. That feeling like you wish you could beam up into somewhere else. The only feeling left. 9 July 2010 20:55:00 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Can you do bad things and still be a good man? Can you do bad things and still be a good man? Can you do bad things and still 9 July 2010 20:56:17 via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat A single bird above me who knows nothing of all this. I am too tired to be envious but something in me longs to be there. 9 July 2010 21:00:32 via TweetDeck

RT @
RaoulMoat I was once a child, I say. They don't hear me. I lift my head slightly. I was once a child. 9:32 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Is there grace? Is it indifferent to what it touches? Could it touch this man? This flower? This gun? 9:51 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat My chest against the earth. The minutes, the hours. The sky is dark. This officer is all I have now. I love even his gun. 10:05 PM Jul 9th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat This is - when it all comes down to it - two guys talking. We might be in a bar or queuing in an airport for a plane. 10:11 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat The river is tinkling behind me. The cloudless sky is starting to star. I'm sorry, what did you say, officer? 10:22 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat We've been talking, the officer and me. I can't concentrate on him. It's like I can touch being alive. It's bright and rich. 10:37 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I can't die. I haven't loved enough. 10:40 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Gazza means well but life and death can easily tip into farce. I pricked my thumb on a blackberry thorn. I, the gunman. 10:51 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat The officer and I have fallen silent. The river is quiet. The leaves are still. Is this, actually, what it's like? 10:59 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat The officer said 'Think of the future'. I wanted to say I think of it all the time. But nothing comes. 11:06 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I look at the officer. He has green, steady eyes. What purpose does that serve? The green. 11:08 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I think of my body. This scar, that old ache. Sweat now down my back. My body doesn't see any of this. The officer, the gun. 11:14 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I keep the officer's gaze. Night is falling all around us. This is what it comes to: my eyes on his eyes and the stars. 11:46 PM Jul 9th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Oh this is small. Oh tiny. Blink. Oh this is nothing, really. I haven't moved since seven. A flick of my eyes is an epic. 12:15 AM Jul 10th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat This night sky; purple horizon slightly. I try to fix it. Shots of silver. But still, just one night in the endless nights. 12:22 AM Jul 10th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat Where do tears go? They're on my face. But they are evaporating, I feel it. They hang in the air. We cry one another's tears. 12:27 AM Jul 10th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat The officer asks, why are you crying? I say, what's your name? He says, my name isn't material. I fall silent. Am I crying? 12:29 AM Jul 10th via TweetDeck

RT @RaoulMoat I'm kneeling by a river. But in my head I'm taking a glass of water upstairs to bed. Who is in this house? Everyone. I am ten. 12:45 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I am oddly detached now. Cold to it. I'm on the other bank. A policeman and some guy, I can see them. I sit down to watch. 12:48 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat The officer looks young. The kneeling man looks old. I could have been either of them. 12:53 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat I am unable to hear what the officer and gunman are saying. I think they are apologising to each other but who knows? I lift. 12:55 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Level with the branches, then the leaves. Now treetops. I know really I'm down there. But this is something. 12:59 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat My head snaps up. My arm tenses instinctively. I thought I was over there? I was in the trees? I'm awake. Ground beneath me. 1:04 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Just two guys, time of day, making conversation, by the river. I dig my nails into my palms to keep awake. For what? 1:06 AM Jul 10th via Twitter for iPhone

RT @RaoulMoat Good night ladies. Good night sweet ladies. Good night, good night. 10 July 2010 01:09:46 via Twitter for iPhone

​

July 10, 2010 by Dan Rebellato.
  • July 10, 2010
  • Dan Rebellato
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lifegame.jpg

Lifegame

lifegame.jpg

I love this show. I saw it in 2006 at the National and loved it every bit as much yesterday. It’s an impro show where they bring on a guest - sometimes arranged by the theatre, sometimes from the audience - interview them about their life and act out key moments from that life in a variety of ways.

What’s staggering about the show is the ethical weight of it. Oh and it’s very funny but the ethical weight of it seems to me something about the respect and generosity and attention paid to a life; finding the turning points, the laughter, the absurdity all seems to be a remarkably holistic way of understanding the weight of being a person and the responsibility of living a life. The team of improvisers are very funny, but also full of insight; they never mock - they find the humour and keep respectful without being pious.

This does seem to me to have an ethical value. Philosophically, debates in ethics tend to begin with a debate between deontologists (like Kant, who believe that the ethical value of an action lies in the principles behind the action) and consequentialists (like Bentham or Mill, who believe that you judge its value from its consequences).

The new kid on the block is actually the old kid on the block - virtue ethics - which thinks both these views are partial because they deal too precisely with particular actions. They say, look, who thinks like that? Who feels a satisfying, responsible ethical life is to follow a narrow set of principles or to calculate outcomes. Isn’t the life well lived one that embraces the whole person? And if that’s right, we should pay attention not to a narrow sense of a person’s ‘moral actions’ but the full range of their activities and feelings, their personality and projects.

Now, as it happens, I think some of this is rather vacuous when it comes down to it and rather conservative. (We don’t have to work out what a good person is, we all know who they are, say the Virtue Ethicists: Nelson Mandela, perhaps some sporting hero, a brave and principled leader, someone witty and graceful and thoughtful like Stephen Fry... but all this does is deliver us the status quo and tell us that we will find ‘the good life’ in it. In comparison, Mill and Kant are revolutionaries.) However, it does ask good questions about the other two theories and has encouraged people, for example, to look at the later Metaphysics of Morals in Kant’s work - and not just the earlier Groundwork or Critique of Practical Reason, which might be seen as somewhat more drily ‘legislative’ in their articulation of moral duties. It suggests, I think rightly, that ethics is a field that should embrace not just lies, murder and betrayal, but laughter, friendship, fine wine and great art.

Lifegame fits into this picture by providing a rounded sense of the whole person. The theatre shows us much more than simply the principles on which people act and the statements they make; we see the way they look at each other, the way they hold their bodies, the grace and confidence of their movements, the comfort they feel in their own skin, the profound ambivalence we can have for each other and the inexpressible bonds that connect us all. It’s impossible to miss the feeling of seriousness and weight underneath the comedy.

Last night’s guest was Kerry Shale, the actor. He recalled that he was never encouraged to be an actor and that he great-uncle George (IIRC) had been a bit-part actor in Hollywood and a figure of some criticism in his family. In his early twenties, Kerry had somewhat dropped out and was working as a parking lot attendant when he made the decision to defy his parents and try to become an actor. Phelim McDermott asked to see this scene, but he asked to see it as the ghost of Uncle George visiting the young stoner Kerry in his booth. The twist was that he asked Kerry Shale to play George.

It was an exquisitely funny scene. Kerry played his uncle, quite inaccurately he said, with a New York Jewish accent and an improvised mask, prepared by Julian Crouch. Lee Simpson played the young Kerry, who asked ‘Are you really there or is this because of [gestured at the spliff]?’ ‘Does it really matter?’ asked George spreading his arms. But at one moment, ‘George’ asked ‘Kerry’ who he really was, and after some hesitation, Kerry replied, ‘an actor’. ‘Don’t apologise,’ said his Uncle. ‘An actor,’ he repeated, more firmly now. ‘Louder,’ said George. ‘I’m an actor,’ he answered. The audience was both laughing and hushed somehow. We were watching a man revisiting a key moment in his life, both wanting to affirm the path he’d taken but also impatient with his young fecklessness and somehow feeling, I thought, that even now, he might take a different turn.

Dramaturgically, the team are wonderful at creating a satisfying shape to the evening. It’s an obvious shape, to be fair - laugh, laugh, laugh, laugh, laugh, laugh, laugh, moving - and it’s the advice I give people to do wedding speeches - but their ability to weave it together with textures of callback and creativity, through the variety of dramatic means and structures through which the scenes are developed make this a very rich and powerful evening.

And funny. Don’t forget, it’s very, very funny.

July 9, 2010 by Dan Rebellato.
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​Nikki Amuka-Bird as Eurydice in the modern/ancient Thebes

​Nikki Amuka-Bird as Eurydice in the modern/ancient Thebes

Welcome to Thebes

​Nikki Amuka-Bird as Eurydice in the modern/ancient Thebes

​Nikki Amuka-Bird as Eurydice in the modern/ancient Thebes

Thebes has emerged from a bloody civil war with Eurydice as the elected leader of an all-female cabinet. They have invited a team of Athenian peace-keepers, including President Theseus (or, as he insists, ‘first citizen’) to visit them, hoping that they will be able to negotiate a package of aid. There are stirrings among the citizenry, fanned by the defeated opposition leader Prince Tydeus. In her victory speech, Eurydice controversially declares that the body of the defeated enemy General Polynices will be left to rot in the sun, which antagonises the dead man’s brother, Antigone and offends the civilised sensibilities of Theseus. In the nervous atmosphere, relations sour when a child soldier is ahot in a stand-off with the President’s security detail. Civil war threatens to erupt again though the President is distracted by news from home: his wife, Phaedra, has hanged herself; his son, Hippolytus, is nowhere to be found. As the play ends, some of the refugees from war look forward to making a new home - and new wars - in Athens.

This is a pretty exciting play. Moira Buffini has been writing a wide - wild - range of things, from magical fables to bourgeois comedies. The work is always interesting though I was slightly disappointed by the drift away from historical imagination suggested by Dinner. Not that I didn’t like the play; it’s really one of the funniest new plays of the last ten years - but rather than it suggested she was confining her ambitions to more mainstream expectations. This play, though, is in some ways a return to the bold, large-scale theatrical ambition of a play like Silence.

In keeping with its classical references the play probably covers around 24 hours (though it strikes me as more like 4-5 days of events) and takes place in a variety of locations around an old ruined Palace which is serving as the Athenians’ temporary headquarters. The main pivots of the play are the announcement that Polynices will remain unburied, the killing of the child soldier, the President’s news from home.

I think there’s a hidden story here, which is the question of Howard Barker. Put more plainly, how should we, as writers, respond to Barker’s work? He’s one of the most beloved of playwrights (by other playwrights) but where’s his influence? Where’s his school?

There are plays that show his influence, of course. Greig’s Dunsinane recently looked to me like it was, increasingly as the evening went on, in debt to Barker. Zinnie Harris’s Midwinter, Fall and Solstice the same. I once wrote a play, Heresiarch, that, if I look at it now, is embarrassingly imitative. Moira Buffini’s Silence, while independently successful as a play, shows clear signs of his influence.

It makes me think of Harold Bloom’s ‘anxiety of influence’. Barker is such a strong writer that, if you come into his gravitational pull, its very hard not to collapse into imitation. I see this a fair bit with younger writers. In fact, when I briefly read plays for North-West Playwrights, there was a guy who sent in English history plays that were simple pastiches of the Master’s style. Buffini seems more or less to have resisted this collapse. Sarah Kane in Phaedra’s Love shows signs of tracing a path opened up by Barker but not following in his precise footsteps. Other writers have had to repudiate that influence, a psycholiterary trope that Bloom calls clinamen. I think of a couple of writers who are very dismissive of Barker even though I know he’s doing things they wish they were doing. To pursue their own style they have to kill Daddy.

Here, Buffini isn’t exactly writing a Barker play, certainly not in his verbal style. There are some of his touches; the lingering and heightened descriptions of violence, the absurdist - almost Pythonesque - device of Tiresias being both a man and a woman; the undercutting gags; the joy in rhetoric; the admixture of the contemporary and the mythical. The play is set in Barkertime and Barkerspace (is it now? is it then? is it historically located? is it eternal?). Note that Billington criticises the play for this, suggesting that by drawing on myth, it suggests that the atavistic return to savagery is something that can never change. I see his point, though he makes it sound rather foolish by criticising her for ‘an unresolved contradiction between free will and fate’ - as if this would have been a simple matter to resolve, like remembering to put full stops at the end of sentences.

(Speaking of which, there’s a lovely, querulous, defiant Author’s Note in the text

I’ve been asked to write an author’s note
To explain why I don’t put all the full stops in.
​The text is not poetry
​It is drama
​It needs to be useful to actors
​And I think this is.

I shall add this to my list of Eccentric Author’s Notes Which Probably Are About As Unhelpful As They Are Helpful. [See also Attempts on Her Life, Far Away, etc.].)

But Buffini’s trying to keep open the possibility of this kind of large-scale imaginative play as political. She’s said in some newspaper interview or other that she was inspired to write it by hearing that old claim, stated yet again, that women aren’t good at writing Big Political Plays. This is Big and yes it’s Political but what she’s clearly not good at is writing Big Simplistic Political Plays, hence some carping.

Richard Eyre’s given it a Big production, but in some ways hasn’t done it any favours by making it just a bit stodgy and rhetorical in places. I don’t imagine I’ll get to see this play again - I counted 25 actors at the curtain call - but I hope it’ll have a European life. It could use a more inventive staging that brings out, rather than suppresses, the ambiguities and allusiveness.

​

July 6, 2010 by Dan Rebellato.
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personal enemy.jpg

Personal Enemy

personal enemy.jpg

At the White Bear, there’s an enterprising production of Personal Enemy a play written by John Osborne (with Anthony Creighton) shortly before Look Back in Anger. The play was published by Oberon last year and this is, I think, its first performance since 1955. (Both publication and production tout this as a rediscovery of the play though I might point out I wrote about the play in my book 1956 and All That, so it’s not a complete rediscovery.)

It’s 1953 and the Constants are an all-American thermonuclear family in the fictional Langley Springs, USA. Their son, Don, is missing, presumed dead, in the Korean War. Their son, Arnie, is a gentle young man who, like his brother, has struck up a friendship with the atheist and communist, Ward Perry, a local librarian. It is at the height of the HUAC hearings, the red scares, and as the war ends, the American public is scandalised by the POWs who refuse to return home. Arnie and Don’s friendship with Ward is particularly repellant to Caryl, their sister, who suspects that there is a taint of homosexuality in their relationships. A succession of shocks tear the family apart; first, they discover that Don is alive and being held as a POW; then a sinister agent of the state informs them that he is refusing to come home and wants to find the source of the contamination; the family subject Ward to an innuendo-laced cross-examination, and rumours spread through the town. Mrs Constant confronts her son and accuses him of being a pervert, and accusation that he both accepts and denies. Arnie kills himself and it is discovered that he has made a young ‘coloured’ woman pregnant. The family are ostracised; Mr Constant loses his job; but the men unite against the women, determined to stand up against this calumny.

It’s clearly written in emulation of the wave of American playwrights that emerged in the 40s and 50s - Williams, Miller, with hints of Tea and Sympathy too. The structure is a kind of ever-deepening family mystery coming to some anagnorisis where all becomes clear. It’s all set in the family home, though a sense of the whole town is given. The main action of the play covers a couple of days, though the last scene is some weeks later.

It’s not very good. The revelations are very crass: a letter arrives revealing that Don is alive just Caryl has been denouncing him to their mother. (It reminds me both of the curtain moment where Jimmy kisses Helena in Look Back in Anger and of course the opposite revelation at the end of Act Two of The Entertainer when we discover - during the party to celebrate his homecoming - that Mick has died in the Suez invasion.) The revelation that Arnie’s fathered the young black woman’s child is dreadful too, because both revelations (there’s a black woman with a child and that it’s Arnie’s) happen simultaneously so it just feels like an info dump. The sinister agent is a caricature; so are the family to some extent, but he seems out of the reality of the play (though not creatively so, in the way that McCann and Goldberg would be three years later in Pinter’s The Birthday Party.) Because there’s a strong element of pastiche, you’re never quite sure if you’re watching absurdist satire (think Albee’s The American Dream) or domestic realism (think of those scenes in Death of a Salesman). There are some lurches of character: it’s unclear why Caryl decides to tell her mother she thinks her beloved Don was a pervert on her birthday and Mr Constant goes from shambling drunk to voice of Justice in a spookily short period of time. The play shows its age, too, particularly in its comic char lady. (At one point she is told point blank to leave and she says ‘Okay I can take a hint’ - I got home and saw exactly the same joke on Yes Minister [1980], so it’s a joke that took a while to die).

Strangely, part of what it interesting about the play is what makes the play so bad. There are moment when it crackles into life - Arnie’s resistance to his mother (‘And to think I’d heard about this sort of thing, I didn’t know it would touch me - I didn’t know - Jeez, I didn’t know. I thought everything about Ward and me was good and fine and right. I didn’t know. Aren’t you proud of me, your son, the pervert?’) and when Sam turns on Caryl (‘When I see women ganging up and vicious, that really frightens me. That really turns me up!  It’s no good, Caryl - I just can’t forget it. You see, you are the real leaders in these things. There’s nothing that we don’t do or say that you women don’t have to approve before it becomes the law of the land. And when you get started properly, tearing everything apart you suspect or don’t or can’t understand - I don’t see much hope for me or my children’) where you hear Osborne’s voice ringing out. These moments are often entirely out of character - quite often, it’s not wholly clear what they mean - but they really blaze. What they also mean is that the play doesn’t resolve in any particularly satisfying way; the wounds opened are too bloody and messy. So the very ending which seems too clichéd for Osborne - though does dimly resemble to shattered reconciliation of Jimmy and Alison at the end of Anger - has Mr Constant tell his wife, quite out of the blue I’d say, ‘you know another thing? We haven’t been so close together in years, as we are now’ (what??), which a tricksier production might have turned into a false, bitter, ironic ending. This didn’t, fortunately, because I doubt it would have worked and would only have added to the confusions of style and tone that drag the play down.

The sexual politics - as ever with Osborne - are filled with confusion and visceral fear and hatred. The communist charge has very little dramatic traction; it’s the accusation of homosexuality that clearly interests them - it’s all set up with the apparatus of the well-made play, the discovered message, the misplaced book, the duplicate book (Ward gives both brothers the same book in the same edition with the same inscription, which IS quite weird), the misunderstandings, the insinuations. The communism stuff is said very plainly, as is the imputations of atheism. Of course, this is the stuff the Lord Chamberlain had the worst problems with. It’s absolutely a play of its time, about the ‘glass closet’ structures that I’ve written about. Separate Tables in the same year, has a similar problem (though it’s a much better play): PE nests its homosexual theme in communism; ST nests its homosexual theme in a heterosexual one. For a contemporary audience, I suspect that communism and groping women in a cinema, respectively, would be slightly more shocking that homosexuality. It’s a sign of just how high feelings were running about the subject in the mid-fifties.

What is a bit grim, but very Osborne, is the way that the play builds towards the peripateia of a general repudiation of women. They are the clear villains, but villains that we care about. Mrs Constant and Caryl are characterised roundly - and were both very well played in the White Bear production - while the male villains (Reverend Merrick and the Investigator) are cardboard cut-outs. To move forward (though the play doesn’t seem to know what that might possible mean) the men have to shrug off the insistent vengeful conservatism of the women. It’s a curious motif for a play that revolves around fear of homosociality that it takes on homosociality as its own structure. (In my book, I argue something of this structure also runs through Look Back in Anger.)

Dramaturgically, then, it’s both filled with the junkyard of its time but pointing forward to the plays that Osborne would write later. I suspect I’ll never have a chance to see it again, so I’m pleased I did. The other recently-rediscovered pre-Anger play, The Devil Inside Him, has just been revived by the new National Theatre of Wales. I don’t know if that’s going to come to London.

​

July 4, 2010 by Dan Rebellato.
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Dan Rebellato

playwright, teacher, academic

 

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